{"id":1312,"date":"2022-08-16T12:46:11","date_gmt":"2022-08-16T10:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.souadbensaad.com\/?p=1312"},"modified":"2026-01-14T09:54:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T08:54:36","slug":"etude-sur-la-tunisie-dans-les-annees-20","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.souadbensaad.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/16\/etude-sur-la-tunisie-dans-les-annees-20\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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=== \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 (\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 5\u0627\u0648\u062a 1920 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u062a\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong>\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 1919 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629
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=== \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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–  \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a <\/strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648
 
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\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 :<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628  \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646
\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: <\/em>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646
 => \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/strong>
<\/td>		\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/strong>\u064a
\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1920<\/strong>
– \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647
\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 1920 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 120 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 1920 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1924 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628
– \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 : \u0639\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628… \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646
– \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 1924 : 70 \u0648 \u0636\u0645\u062a 45000 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637
 
\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/strong>
– \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a
\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631  1924
– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a
– \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627  \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629
– \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 6000 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>+ \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
: \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>
– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a
– \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 1922 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636”\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 ” \u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631” \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 44 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0648 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 18 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629
– \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a  1922 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a
 – \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1923 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629
 
\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
– \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a 1920  \u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0629 
\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1924
– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1924 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649
 
  \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 1926-
\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644  \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629
– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a 1925<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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