{"id":4630,"date":"2026-10-02T20:53:34","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T18:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.souadbensaad.com\/?p=4630"},"modified":"2026-10-02T20:56:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T18:56:26","slug":"introduction-phelo-bac-lettre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.souadbensaad.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/02\/introduction-phelo-bac-lettre\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 . \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630: \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 (\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0629..).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2190 <\/strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> \u0644\u0641\u0638 “\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646” \u0623\u0648 “\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646”\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f (\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2190 <\/strong>\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a: \u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                   \u2022 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 (\u064a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629) \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 – \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u064a\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0647\u064a\u0642\u0644)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f:<\/strong> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong>:<\/strong> “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/strong>“\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641(\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0628\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong>:<\/strong> “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong>“\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a “\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a” \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e…(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2190<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627”. – \u0647\u064a\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645”. – \u0647\u064a\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (“\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646”)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2190<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a” \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a” \u064a\u064e\u062d\u0645\u0644\u064f \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2190<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2190<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a”\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a:<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

. \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a). – \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629. – \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0627. – \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0621. – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646. – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 “\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0646\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643… – \u0647\u064a\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639. – \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a:<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 – \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a- \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u064a) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627<\/u><\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/u><\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0634\u0651\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0651\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a:<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629: \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0650\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0650\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f (\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a…)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641”. – \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0635\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a (\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/strong>:<\/strong> (<\/strong>I<\/strong>)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646(*)<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629(1<\/strong>):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a – \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e – \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629(2):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629(3):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/strong> :<\/strong> (<\/strong>II<\/strong>)<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u0651\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1<\/strong>– \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0636 – \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0652\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 – \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062c- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 – \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 – \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/strong>– \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0623- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/strong>:<\/strong> (<\/strong>III<\/strong>)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629(1): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 – \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0648\u0642 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629(2): \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651- \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629(3):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 – \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629(4): \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0651\u0642 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(*) \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong> <\/strong> <\/strong>\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0638 “\u0628\u064a\u0646” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/strong>:<\/strong> (<\/strong>I<\/strong>)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629: <\/strong> \u2022<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2190<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u061f<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u064f\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u064f\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621… \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621… \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621… \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646) \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 (\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 (\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647”. – \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f (\u0635257)(*)<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0643\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627”. – \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:  <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629”. – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631”. – \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a… \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629”. – \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0629 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630: \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646. 1. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644: \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 (\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0629..). \u2190 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cours-phylo","category-annees-secondaires"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 . \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0628 - 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